Research misconduct includes plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, unethical research practice, duplicate submission, citation manipulation, peer-review manipulation, undisclosed conflicts of interest, and other practices that compromise scholarly integrity.

1. Allegations should be submitted with clear evidence and article or manuscript details.
2. The editor records the allegation and conducts an initial assessment.
3. Authors, reviewers, or institutions may be contacted for clarification.
4. The journal may pause editorial processing while the case is reviewed.
5. Confirmed misconduct may result in rejection, correction, expression of concern, retraction, or notification to relevant institutions.