The journal may consider Article Processing Charge waiver or reduction requests from authors with limited funding, independent researchers, students, or authors from institutions with financial constraints.

Requests should be submitted before or during manuscript submission and must not influence editorial assessment. Manuscripts are evaluated based on scholarly merit, relevance, originality, ethics, and peer-review results.

• Waiver decisions are made separately from editorial decisions.
• Authors should provide a brief explanation of the funding constraint.
• Approval is case by case and subject to journal capacity.