The Journal of Social Movements is peer-reviewed scholarly platform committed to advancing theoretical and empirical understanding of social movements, collective action, and transformative social change. The journal serves as a critical arena for interdisciplinary dialogue, welcoming contributions from sociology, political science, anthropology, communication studies, education, and cultural studies. In addition to its strong focus on activism, resistance, and the dynamics of mobilization, The Journal of Social Movements also highlights studies and practices related to community engagement, empowerment, and social innovation. This includes scholarly and practical work on participatory development, civic participation, and community-based service programs that bridge academic research and social impact. By combining rigorous academic inquiry with reflections from the field, the journal aims to foster a deeper understanding of how collective action, policy advocacy, and public participation contribute to inclusive and sustainable social transformation. Through its commitment to both scientific excellence and community relevance, The Journal of Social Movements positions itself as a leading reference for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers dedicated to building equitable and resilient societies.
Tata Kelola Kolaboratif dalam Pengelolaan Sampah Plastik: Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Lamongan
The problem of plastic waste is a crucial issue facing many regions, including Lamongan Regency, which experiences a significant increase in waste volume each year. Despite management programs, such as "Green Lamongan," environmental problems persist due to limited infrastructure, low public awareness, and weak collaboration between stakeholders. This study aims to analyze the forms of collaboration between local governments and local communities in plastic waste management and identify the challenges and impacts of these programs. The method used was descriptive qualitative, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation studies from official government sources and online media. The results show that initiatives such as the "Berkah Mandiri" Waste Bank and the "Sampahku Tanggungjawabku" (My Waste is My Responsibility) program (Samtaku) have contributed significantly to promoting a circular economy, reducing waste volume, and increasing community participation. These programs have generated economic value of up to IDR 5 billion per year and opened recycling-based business opportunities. However, challenges remain, such as a lack of facilities, suboptimal inter-agency coordination, and community resistance to behavioral change. In conclusion, strong collaboration, ongoing education, and infrastructure support are the keys to the success of participatory and sustainable plastic waste management in Lamongan Regency.
Copyright (c) 2025 Wartono Wartono, Yendra Erison, Eva Nur Laily Rohmah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Transformasi Digital Layanan Publik: Studi Sosiologis Implementasi E-Litigasi dalam Perkara Perceraian di Pengadilan Agama Klaten
This study investigates the implementation of e-litigation (e-litigasi) as a form of digital transformation in public legal services, focusing on divorce cases at the Klaten Religious Court, Indonesia. This research aims to explore whether the digital justice system can effectively promote inclusive and equitable access to justice for all societal segments, particularly in regions with limited digital literacy. A qualitative case study approach was employed, utilizing in-depth interviews, direct observation, and document analysis. The research subjects included judges, court staff, advocates, and litigants directly involved in e-litigation procedures. Data was analyzed to identify procedural dynamics, institutional readiness, social barriers, and user experiences. The findings indicate that while e-litigation enhances procedural efficiency and reduces the average litigation time from 42 to 24 working days, significant digital divides persist. Litigants with higher education and greater technological access tend to benefit more from the system, whereas those from rural or less-educated backgrounds face systemic exclusion. Institutional readiness also varies, with some court staff still lacking full digital proficiency, which affects the quality-of-service delivery. This study, although limited to a single location, highlights crucial implications for inclusive digital governance in the legal sector. To ensure an equitable transformation of public services, targeted digital literacy programs are recommended for vulnerable communities, along with a uniform enhancement of digital capacity among court human resources. Furthermore, the development of a digital justice framework that integrates social, institutional, and technological dimensions is essential to create a more responsive and equitable system.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shalsya Malika Yunus, Ana Riana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Dinamika Sosial dalam Praktik Informal di Workshop Otomotif: Studi Kasus tentang Peran Kepercayaan dalam Wanprestasi di Kabupaten Sleman
This study explores the social dynamics underlying transactional practices in automotive workshops in Sleman Regency, Indonesia, with particular attention to cases of breach of agreement (wanprestasi). While previous studies typically approach such issues from a legal standpoint, this research offers a sociological perspective by examining how trust, informal relationships, and communication shape service exchanges. Using a qualitative case study method, data were collected through interviews with workshop owners, technicians, and customers, as well as participant observation and document analysis at three independent workshops. Thematic analysis revealed that interactions between service providers and customers are largely governed by social capital built through repeated engagements. Breaches of agreement are not seen merely as technical failures but as disruptions in socially negotiated expectations. In response, service providers employ adaptive strategies—such as informal compensation, flexible communication, and reliance on personal reputation—to restore trust and maintain customer loyalty. The findings highlight how informal conflict resolution mechanisms operate within community-based service economies and emphasize the continued relevance of trust theory and social capital in understanding economic transactions beyond formal contractual frameworks. This study suggests that business sustainability in the informal sector depends heavily on relationship-building and reputation management. Future research could explore similar dynamics in other informal service sectors or examine how digital technologies reshape trust-building processes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Enrico Winadi, Suwardi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Dinamika Sosial dalam Praktik Fidusia: Studi Kasus Kredit BPKB di BRI Moyudan Sleman
This study explores the socio-legal dynamics of credit practices using vehicle ownership documents (BPKB) as collateral at BRI Cabang Moyudan, Sleman. While legally regulated under the Fiduciary Guarantee Law, the actual practice is embedded in local socio-economic realities, often creating a gap between legal formalism and the lived experience of debtors. The study specifically aims to uncover how these credit procedures operate in practice, and how borrowers understand and respond to them within a social context. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with five bank officers, one notary, and ten debtors, complemented by direct field observations and documentation review. The analysis applied a socio-legal framework to examine the interaction between legal structures and social behaviour in the credit process. The findings reveal that while credit procedures at BRI Cabang Moyudan, Sleman, adhere to formal legal standards including fiduciary registration and credit approval mechanisms most debtors exhibit low legal literacy regarding their rights and obligations, particularly concerning fiduciary execution. Patterns of wanprestasi (default) are influenced by economic pressures, inadequate communication, and social perceptions of shame. Debtors tend to rely on trust and informal narratives, resulting in limited legal awareness and vulnerability during contract enforcement. This study's novelty lies in its socio-legal integration of legal and social dynamics in fiduciary credit practices. While limited by a single rural bank branch and small sample size affecting generalizability, it underscores the urgent need for participatory legal education and social approaches in credit risk management. Practically, findings suggest a more equitable financing system by urging banks to simplify contract language, enhance debtor education on rights and obligations, and foster more humane loan negotiation. Future research should explore alternative fiduciary models sensitive to local values and legal comprehension.
Copyright (c) 2025 Arum Sari Artanti, Enrico Winadi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Bahasa Gaul Remaja Milenial di Twitter: Tren, Makna, dan Tantangan bagi Bahasa Indonesia
The phenomenon of slang use among millennial teenagers on Twitter is interesting to study because it affects communication patterns and sensitivity to good and correct Indonesian language. This study aims to describe the form, meaning, and impact of slang use on millennial teenagers on social media. The research was conducted using descriptive qualitative approach through content analysis method. Data were collected using listening, note-taking, and screen capture techniques on tweets containing popular slang words, abbreviations, or acronyms. The results showed that teenagers use acronyms such as otw, baper, and bucin as a symbol of familiarity and group identity. However, the excessive use of slang has an impact on the decline in the ability to compose formal sentences according to Indonesian language rules. This finding indicates the need for language coaching for teenagers to be able to place slang appropriately without reducing formal literacy skills. The implication of this research is expected to be an input for parents, educators, and the government in formulating strategies for developing Indonesian language in the digital era.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nomi Agustina Simorangkir, Elza L. L Saragih, Cynthia Aritonang, Oktavia Dewita Marbun (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Effectiveness of Nussa and Rarra Animation in Fostering Character Education among Elementary Students in North Sangatta
Character education is a crucial foundation that must be developed from an early age, especially during elementary school. In addition to parental guidance, educational media such as the Nussa and Rarra animated films can serve as an engaging and effective tool to instil moral values in children. This study aims to analyse the effectiveness of the Nussa and Rarra films in fostering character education among elementary school students in North Sangatta Village, and describe the outcomes of such character education efforts. This research uses a qualitative approach with elementary students, parents, and community members in North Sangatta Village as participants. Informants were selected using purposive sampling based on specific criteria. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and analysed using interactive analysis techniques. The findings reveal that the Nussa and Rarra animations effectively instill character values by presenting relatable and exemplary behaviour in daily life. Children demonstrated improvements in both cognitive (knowledge) and affective (attitude) domains, and parents reported using the films as modern alternatives to teach ethical values. The study concludes that animated media can be an effective, accessible, and engaging means of character education for young learners. This research contributes to the development of media-based moral education strategies that can be integrated into both formal and informal learning settings.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurul Farhin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Menguatkan Ekonomi Desa Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Melalui BUMDes: Studi Kasus di Desa Grenggeng Kabupaten Kebumen
This study aims to describe the process of strengthening the village economy based on local wisdom through the Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDes) in Grenggeng Village, Kebumen Regency. The research employs a qualitative-descriptive approach with data collection methods including observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Informants were selected purposively and consisted of BUMDes managers, village government officials, and community members directly involved in BUMDes activities. Data analysis was carried out through reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing, validated through source and method triangulation. The findings reveal that the development of local wisdom through BUMDes involves five main stages: mapping of village potential, determining the community's collective vision, designing a development timeline, identifying stakeholders, and program implementation. Through the management of BUMDes, local potentials such as pandanus weaving crafts, traditional culinary tourism at Pasar Perengkali, organic rice cultivation, and various cultural activities have been successfully integrated in a synergistic manner. The positive impacts of BUMDes management are felt by the community in the form of increased economic income, the creation of new job opportunities, enhanced entrepreneurial independence both individually and collectively, and the more equitable distribution of income across the community. The study concludes by emphasizing the crucial role of BUMDes in developing local potential as a means of empowering the village economy. Participatory management based on local wisdom is identified as a key success factor in achieving independent and sustainable village development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Imam Nurwanto (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Analisis Yuridis Rencana Penghapusan Sistem Outsourcing dalam Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja
This study discusses the regulation and legal impact of the outsourcing system in Indonesia in the context of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation and its derivative regulations, especially PP No. 35 of 2021. Outsourcing is a form of employment that allows companies to use labour from third parties. Although it can reduce costs and increase company efficiency, this system raises issues of protection of workers' rights. The focus of the study is directed at a legal review of changes in outsourcing regulations, as well as the implications of the government's plan to abolish them during Prabowo’s leadership. This study uses a normative legal method with a statute approach, and data is obtained through literature studies. The results of the study show that although the Job Creation Law provides flexibility for outsourcing practices, its implementation often creates job uncertainty, weak protection for workers, and potential violations of labour rights. The plan to abolish the outsourcing system has sparked debate between labour and employer groups, given the significant legal and socio-economic impacts. Therefore, fair and balanced implementation regulations are needed so that worker protection is maintained without hampering the national investment climate.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Rahman, Muhammad William Hafis, Putri Saraswati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Transformasi Pasar Kerja di Indonesia: Studi Kebijakan Ketenagakerjaan dalam UU Cipta Kerja
Indonesia’s labor market has undergone significant dynamics due to economic transformation, digitalization, and the global pandemic. The Omnibus Law on Job Creation was designed to enhance labor market flexibility while attracting investment. However, this policy presents challenges in ensuring worker protection. This study examines policies related to Fixed-Term Employment Agreements (PKWT), outsourcing, wages, and severance pay using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The findings indicate that although labor flexibility has increased, non-standard workers face risks of wage uncertainty and inadequate social security. The wage policy, which is based on a mathematical formula, provides predictability but does not fully protect informal sector workers. Severance pay reform is necessary to balance business sustainability with workers’ rights. This study recommends the separation of labor regulations, strengthening the protection of non-standard workers, and improving regulatory enforcement.
Copyright (c) 2025 Irkham Syahrul Rozikin, Muhyiddin Muhyiddin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Tradisi Sedekah Laut di Pantai Teluk Penyu: Akulturasi Budaya dan Dinamika Konflik Sosial
The Sedekah Laut tradition at Teluk Penyu Beach, Cilacap, is an annual ritual passed down through generations as an expression of gratitude from the fishing community for their marine harvest. However, over time, this tradition has become a point of contention between local cultural values and religious purification efforts, triggering social conflicts and differing perceptions within the community. This study aims to analyze the factors causing conflicts in the implementation of Sedekah Laut, identify community perceptions of this tradition, and understand how cultural and religious acculturation shapes social dynamics in coastal areas. Using a qualitative approach and a descriptive-analytical method, this study collects data through literature studies and documentation of various sources related to the history, ritual practices, and social conflicts within the Sedekah Laut tradition. The findings indicate that conflicts arise due to ideological differences between groups that uphold the tradition and those who reject it based on religious beliefs, with economic and political factors also influencing these conflicts. Despite challenges, most community members continue to practice this tradition by adapting certain ritual elements. These findings provide insights for policymakers in designing strategies to preserve local culture without neglecting religious values and encourage social dialogue to reduce tensions within the diversity of coastal communities.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ali Zaziroh Hidayat (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Kepemimpinan Kiai dalam Transformasi Pendidikan Pesantren di Era Disrupsi
Pesantren is one of the oldest Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia, playing a crucial role in shaping students' religious understanding and character. However, in the disruption era, pesantren face significant challenges in maintaining their relevance amid rapid technological advancements and changing societal needs. This study aims to analyze the role of kiai leadership in transforming pesantren education to adapt to these challenges. Using a qualitative approach with a case study method, this research focuses on Pondok Pesantren Tahfidzul Qur’an Al-Asy’ariyyah Wonosobo, which has integrated traditional religious education with modern innovations. Data were collected through observation, documentation, and literature analysis. The findings indicate that kiai leadership is instrumental in balancing religious traditions with contemporary educational advancements, such as digital learning and structured pesantren management. The study implies that pesantren must embrace technological adaptation and curriculum development while preserving their core values. Future research should explore broader comparisons.
Copyright (c) 2024 Syaefuddin Ahrom Al Ayubbi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Pendekatan Multidimensi dalam Penanganan Kekerasan Seksual Penyandang Disabilitas: Integrasi Psikologi, Spiritualitas, dan Hukum
This study underscores the critical importance of adopting a multidimensional approach to address cases of sexual violence involving individuals with disabilities. By integrating psychological, spiritual, and legal perspectives, the research explores the behavioral patterns of perpetrators, the psychological and social impacts on victims, and systemic challenges within the legal framework. Employing a qualitative case study method, data were collected through in-depth interviews, legal document analysis, and social observations, followed by thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns and themes. The findings reveal that perpetrators with disabilities often employ emotional manipulation tactics, while victims suffer long-term trauma that significantly affects their mental health and social well-being. Innovative rehabilitation programs that combine psychological counseling with Islamic spiritual practices, such as emotional healing and self-reflection, demonstrate promising outcomes in facilitating recovery. However, substantial obstacles remain in ensuring justice and fairness for all stakeholders, particularly within the current legal system. This research contributes to the development of inclusive rehabilitation policies and strategies by highlighting the necessity of legal reforms, public education to combat stigma, and comprehensive psychosocial and spiritual support. The integration of psychological, spiritual, and legal dimensions offers a holistic framework for more effective interventions, ultimately promoting a more inclusive and equitable society.
Copyright (c) 2024 Syifa Syifa, Nurjannah Nurjannah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Analisis Faktor Sosial Penyebab Ketidakpatuhan Mahasantri di Pesantren Salaf-Inklusif: Implikasi untuk Pengelolaan Kebijakan Pendidikan Islam
This study investigates the social factors contributing to non-compliance among students in salaf-inclusive Islamic boarding schools, with a focus on Al-Munawwir Islamic Boarding School, Komplek L, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Employing a sociological approach, the study collected data through observations, questionnaires, interviews, and literature review, analyzed using data reduction, data display, and interpretation techniques. Triangulation was applied to ensure data credibility. Findings reveal that while most students understand the regulations, the lack of periodic socialization by management contributes to non-compliance. The primary reasons for non-compliance are psychological factors such as laziness, fatigue, and external priorities conflicting with mandatory school hours. A smaller portion of students reported non-compliance due to perceived misalignment between regulations and personal beliefs. Recommendations include strengthening regulation socialization, enhancing time management motivation, and implementing effective sanctions. These findings aim to inform policymakers and contribute to academic discourse on regulation compliance in educational institutions.
Copyright (c) 2024 Lilik Maryanto, Muhammad Masduki Ali Choer, Zulkipli Lessy (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Peran Serikat Pekerja dan Perjanjian Kerja dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Karyawan: Studi pada PT Panasonic Manufacturing Indonesia
This research aims to investigate the influence of labor unions and employment agreements on employee performance at PT. Panasonic Manufacturing Indonesia. Labor unions and employment agreements are two factors that can affect working conditions and employee motivation, subsequently impacting their performance. The research method employed is quantitative research, based on numerical data processed with inferential statistical data to determine the influence between variables. The sample size consists of 94 respondents. Instrument testing involved validity and reliability tests. Data collection for this study utilized regression analysis with questionnaire data analysis techniques. The data analysis method involved statistical analysis with assistance from SPSS version 25 software. The research findings indicate a positive influence of labor union involvement on employee performance at PT. Panasonic Manufacturing Indonesia. Additionally, employment agreements also have a significant positive impact on employee performance. These factors suggest that active participation in labor unions and well-established employment agreements can enhance motivation and performance among employees in the company. This research contributes to understanding the dynamics of the relationship between labor unions, employment agreements, and employee performance in the context of the manufacturing industry. The practical implications of this research highlight the need for company management to consider the roles of labor unions and employment agreements in enhancing productivity and employee well-being. Furthermore, the results of this research can serve as a basis for the development of more effective human resource management policies and practices at PT. Panasonic Manufacturing Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fahri Ali Ashofi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Pemberdayaan Santri Pondok Al-Fatih Jombang: Pengolahan Limbah Organik dan Pengembangan Biomist Bernilai Ekonomis-Ekologis
Pondok Al-Fatih Tambakberas in Jombang faces a pressing issue with organic waste, which has yet to be effectively processed. To address this, an initiative aimed at optimizing organic waste management was launched through the empowerment of students. This was achieved by conducting training sessions on converting organic waste into high-quality biomist, which holds substantial economic and ecological potential. The training was part of a community service program and was conducted using a qualitative method based on the Logical Framework Approach (LFA), chosen for its structured process and focus on achieving clear objectives. The stages involved: (1) problem identification, (2) stakeholder analysis, (3) goal setting, (4) development of an activity plan, (5) resource identification, (6) training implementation, and (7) monitoring and evaluation. The outcomes indicate that the program was highly effective, with an 87% increase in community awareness, an 83% improvement in waste processing efficiency, and the establishment of biomist quality standards aiming to meet industrial benchmarks. Additionally, the biomist produced was found to hold both economic and ecological value.
Copyright (c) 2024 Luthfi Maulida Rochmah, Mohamad Irvan Muzakky, Alby Aruna, Abdur Rahman Prasetyo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Memperkuat Perlindungan Pekerja Outsourcing: Analisis Implementasi Kebijakan
This study aims to provide an overview and address the challenges associated with the implementation of labor protection policies for outsourcing workers in Indonesia. Employing a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, the research delves into a comprehensive and in-depth examination, supported by a literature review. The study's recommendations include reinforcing supervision and law enforcement by actively monitoring outsourcing activities to strengthen oversight and ensure rule enforcement. Implementing stringent measures against outsourcing companies that frequently disregard administrative sanctions by applying penalty rules, such as fines, is also proposed. Enhancing transparency in agreements or Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) between primary companies and outsourcing firms and improving data collection processes are crucial aspects of the recommendations. Beyond policy suggestions, the study aspires to contribute insights to fortify Government Regulations post the enactment of Law No. 6 of 2023. Proposed enhancements involve strengthening operational permit requirements for establishing outsourcing companies by introducing a deposit component, seeking association recommendations for outsourcing companies during the permit application process, specifying sectors for outsourcing, and regulating the technical improvement of outsourcing workers' skills.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nugroho Habibi, M. Dio Rhiza Amrizal, Irkham Syahrul Rozikin, Iqbal Faza Ahmad (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Strategi Peningkatan Kesempatan Kerja Berbasis Potensi Wilayah: Evaluasi Tenaga Kerja Mandiri Pemula
Unemployment is a common social phenomenon in third-world countries, including Indonesia, which has an abundant workforce. One type of unemployment to note is open unemployment, which includes individuals who are unemployed and are looking for work or those who are preparing for independent enterprise. This phenomenon has a significant impact on the economic and social dynamics of a country. This study aims to evaluate the beginner Independent Workforce (TKM) program as part of efforts to expand employment opportunities in Indonesia. The CIPP evaluation method (Context, Input, Process, and Product) was used to thoroughly review this program. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, FGDs, and literature reviews, involving TKM recipients in several regions. The evaluation results show that the novice TKM program faces several obstacles, such as improper selection of business types, short periods of assistance, and poorly targeted selection of beneficiaries. The fast selection process also makes it difficult for business sustainability. The Bizhub system, which often experiences technical problems, also hinders beneficiaries' access. The study concluded that improvements need to be made in the design and implementation of the beginner TKM program, including increased clarity in the selection of business types, extension of the program period, and more mature selection of beneficiaries. More effective assistance and improvements to the administrative system are also needed to ensure the success of the program. Thus, the beginner TKM-based job opportunity expansion program can be more effective in supporting the growth of independent businesses and reducing unemployment in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2023 Ari Yuliastuti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Permasalahan Implementasi UU 21 Tahun 2000 Tentang Serikat Pekerja/Serikat Buruh
This research aims to analyze the problems of implementing Law 21 of 2000 concerning Trade Unions. This research is field research with descriptive qualitative methods. Data was collected through interview techniques with informants from trade union members. Field findings highlight several crucial aspects, including problems with the implementation of Law 21/2000, restrictions on members, and the lack of accommodation of regulations for informal workers and migrant workers. Protection of informal workers requires special regulations, while labor inspection needs to be improved to enforce the law and maintain harmonious industrial relations. Implementation of the layoff mechanism from Law 13/2003 requires stronger law enforcement, while employment social security programs need to be optimized, especially for informal workers who lack literacy. Challenges are also faced by women in the labor market, creating gender inequality that requires a struggle to achieve equal positions. This research highlights the significant challenges that need to be addressed to improve the state of industrial relations, worker protection, and gender equality in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2023 Syaefuddin Ahrom Al Ayubbi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Analisis Kebijakan Pengentasan Kemiskinan di Era Pemerintahan Joko Widodo
Poverty is a fundamental issue faced by almost every country, especially developing ones. In Indonesia, the number of poor people in March 2022 reached 26.16 million or 9.54% of the total population. This article is the result of a literature review or library research. The research data were obtained from books, journals, research articles, documents, and other publications related to poverty alleviation policies. The research findings indicate that poverty alleviation policies during President Jokowi's administration are divided into three main programs: social assistance, subsidies, and the Village Fund. The social assistance program includes the Family Hope Program (PKH), Non-Cash Food Assistance Program (BPNT), Smart Indonesia Program, Student Aid Program (KIP Kuliah), and Receivers of Health Insurance Premium Assistance (PBI JKN). Although the social assistance program has had an impact on reducing the poverty rate, it is still not entirely effective due to targeting inaccuracies. Furthermore, the subsidy program includes both energy and non-energy subsidies. Energy subsidies are allocated for fuel, LPG, and electricity, while non-energy subsidies consist of fertilizer subsidies, Public Service Obligation (PSO) subsidies, credit program interest subsidies, and tax subsidies. The subsidy program is also considered less effective as it has not yet reached the intended targets. Lastly, the Village Fund, based on the literature, shows findings stating its effectiveness, but there are also research results indicating the opposite. This variation is influenced by different research areas, leading to diverse outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2023 Dimas Ahmad Rizal, Riski Eka Purnairawan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Kronik Gerakan Serikat Buruh di Indonesia: Peta dan Sejarah
This research focuses on studying the dynamics of the trade union movement in Indonesia in a historical review and current map of the Trade Union Confederation/Labor Unions registered with the Ministry of Manpower. This study is a qualitative combination of literature and empirical research, combining literature and field data to explore the dynamics of trade unions in Indonesia, especially confederations. Since the 19th century, the birth of the Dutch East Indies Teachers' Workers' Union in 1879 began the emergence of the Workers' Union Movement (SP) or Labor Unions (SB) in Indonesia. These labor organizations, especially in the transportation and plantation sectors, played a central role in Indonesia's struggle for independence. Over time, various labor organizations emerged that played a key role in national political dynamics, such as VSTP, PPKB, and the Indian Vakbonden Association (PVH). Despite experiencing challenges during the Japanese occupation and the failure of the PKI's political action in 1926, the labor movement continued to develop until post-independence, with a major role played by organizations such as SOBSI in the Old Order era, SPSI in the New Order era, and various organizations that emerged during the Reformation era. Since the Reformation era, new trade unions have emerged and old unions have emerged, driven by political reform and the rapid growth of trade and labor unions. The latest mapping shows that more than 4 million workers/laborers are members of more than 20 organizations under various federations and confederations. Organizations such as KSPSI AGN, KSPSI JUMHUR, KSPI, and KSPSI YRS have the most members.
Copyright (c) 2024 Iqbal Ahmad, Syaefuddin Ahrom Al Ayubbi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0